Arduino UNO R3 & Ultrasonic Sensor With SG90 Motor and Jumper Wires

The power pins are as follows:

• The input voltage to the Arduino board when it’s using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or another regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
• This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 – 12V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. We don’t advise it.
• A 3.3 volt supply is generated by the onboard regulator. The maximum current draw is 50 mA.
• Ground pins.
• This pin on the Arduino board provides the voltage reference with which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin voltage and select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs for working with the 5V or 3.3V.

How to Install the Arduino Uno R3 board drivers:

If you used the Installer, Windows – from XP up to 10 – will install drivers automatically as soon as you connect your board.

If you downloaded and expanded the Zip package or, for some reason, the board wasn’t properly recognized, please follow the procedure below.

• Click on the Start Menu, and open up the Control Panel.
• While in the Control Panel, navigate to System and Security. Next, click on System. Once the System window is up, open the Device Manager.
• Look under Ports (COM & LPT). You should see an open port named “Arduino UNO (COMxx)”. If there is no COM & LPT section, look under “Other Devices” for “Unknown Device”.
• Right-click on the “Arduino UNO (COmxx)” port and choose the “Update Driver Software” option.
• Next, choose the “Browse my computer for driver software” option.
• Finally, navigate to and select the driver file named “arduino.inf”, located in the “Drivers” folder of the Arduino Software download (not the “FTDI USB Drivers” sub-directory). If you are using an old version of the IDE (1.0.3 or older), choose the Uno driver file named “Arduino UNO.inf”
• Windows will finish up the driver installation from there.

Arduino Uno R3 Memory:

The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).

Automatic (Software) Reset / How to reset Arduino UNO board:

Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Uno is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the ATmega8U2/16U2 is connected to the reset line of the ATmega328 via a 100 nano-farad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that the boot-loader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload.

This setup has other implications. When the Uno is connected to either a computer running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the following half-second or so, the boot-loader is running on the Uno. While it is a program to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is open. If a sketch running on the board receives a one-time configuration or other data when it first starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits for a second after opening the connection and before sending this data.

The Uno R3 contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset. The pads on either side of the trace can be soldered together to re-enable it. It’s labeled “RESET-EN”. You may also be able to disable the auto-reset by connecting a 110-ohm resistor from 5V to the reset line; see this forum thread for details.

Programming / How to Program Arduino Uno Board:

The Uno R3 can be a program with the Arduino software (download). Select “Arduino Uno from the Tools > Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see the reference and tutorials.

The ATmega328 on the Uno R3 comes pre-burn with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).

You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header; see these instructions for details.

The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the rev1 and rev2 boards) firmware source code is available. The ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded with a DFU bootloader, which can be activated by:

On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board (near the map of Italy) and then resetting the 8U2.

On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulls the 8U2/16U2 HWB line to the ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.

You can then use Atmel’s FLIP software (Windows) or the DFU programmer (Mac OS X and Linux) to load a new firmware. Or you can use the ISP header with an external programmer (overwriting the DFU bootloader). See this user-contributed tutorial for more information.

Input and Output / Arduino Uno board Pin Out:

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

• Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
• External Interrupts 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.
• PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite()
• SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library.
• LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it’s off.

The Uno R3 has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provides 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default, they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function. Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:

• TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using the Wire library.

There are a couple of other pins on the board:

• A reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
• Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.

See also the mapping between Arduino pins and ATmega328 ports. The mapping for the Atmega8, 168, and 328 is identical.

Vayuyaan believes in satisfied customers, so whatever the product is we first import them then test them for their supplier-defined and standard capabilities. Only after doing all the possible quality checks, we make the product available to our customers.

Arduino Uno Features:

• pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two other new pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the board. In the future, shields will be compatible with both the board that uses the AVR, which operates with 5V, and with the Arduino Due which operates with 3.3V. The second one is a not-connected pin, which is reserved for future purposes.
• Stronger RESET circuit.
• Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.
• Microcontroller: ATmega328P.
• Operating Voltage: 5V.
• Input Voltage: 7-12V.
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output).
• Analog Input Pins: 6.
• DC Current: 40mA.
• Flash Memory: 32 KB.
• SRAM: 2 KB.
• EEPROM: 1 KB.
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz.

Arduino Board Applications:

• DIY projec2t prototyping.
• Developing varied varieties of projects that require a code-based control.
• Automation System development.
• Learning AVR programming.
• Entry-level circuit designing.

About Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04

This HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Range Finder is a very popular sensor that is found in many applications where it requires measuring distance and detecting objects.
The module has two eyes like projects in the front which forms the Ultrasonic transmitter and Receiver.  The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor uses sonar to determine the distance to an object like bats or dolphins do.

This Ultrasonic Sensor module is a transmitter, a receiver, and a control circuit in one single pack!! It has very handy and compact construction. It offers excellent range accuracy and stable readings in an easy-to-use package. Its operation is not affected by sunlight or black material like Sharp rangefinders are (although acoustically soft materials like cloth can be difficult to detect).

The Trigger and the Echo pins are the I/O pins of this module and hence they can be connected to the I/O pins of the microcontroller/Arduino. When the receiver detects the return wave the Echo pin goes high for a particular amount of time which will be equal to the time taken for the wave to return back to the sensor.

Ultrasonic Distance Sensor provides very short (2CM) to long-range (4M) detection and ranging. The sensor provides precise and stable non-contact distance measurements from about 2cm to 4 meters with very high accuracy. It can be easily interfaced with any microcontroller.
The module sends eight 40Khz square wave pulses and automatically detects whether it receives the returning signal. If there is a signal returning,  a high-level pulse is sent on the echo pin. The length of this pulse is the time it took the signal from first triggering to the return echo.

Vayuyaan believes in satisfied customers, so whatever the product is, we first import them then test them for their supplier-defined and standard capabilities. Only after doing all the possible quality checks, we make the product available to our customers.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Wiring:

• +5V(positive)
• Trig(control)
• Echo (receive)
• GND (negative)

Features:

• Measures the distance within a wide range of 2cm to 400cm
• Stable performance
• Accurate distance measurement
• High-density
• Small blind distance

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Applications:

• Used to avoid and detect obstacles with robots like biped robots, obstacle avoider robots, path-finding robots, etc.
• Used to measure the distance within a wide range of 2cm to 400cm
• Can be used to map the objects surrounding the sensor by rotating it
• Depth of certain places like wells, pits, etc can be measured since the waves can penetrate through the water

About TowerPro SG90 Micro Servo Motor

TowerPro SG90 Servo Motor is lightweight, high-quality, and lightning-fast. The servo is designed to work with almost all radio control systems. It is with excellent performance and high torque of 1.5 kg-cm gives you the freedom to use it for a variety of projects. The SG90 micro servo motor with accessories is perfect for RC helicopter, plane, car, boat, and truck use.

It equips Carbon Fiber Gears which makes the SG90 servo motor much lighter than the same metal gear motor. For small load applications using the metal gear, the servo motor adds on unnecessary weight, so we suggest using these lightweight plastic gear servo motors.

The TowerPro SG90 Micro Servo Motor is a 180° rotation servo. It is a Digital Servo Motor that receives and processes PWM signals faster and better. It equips sophisticated internal circuitry that provides good torque, holding power, and faster updates in response to external forces.

Wire Description

• RED – Positive
• Brown – Negative
• Orange – Signal

Features: 

• High resolution
• Accurate positioning
• Fast control response
• Constant torque throughout the servo travel range
• Excellent holding power

About Jumper Wire

This is a 30 cm Dupont Wire Color Jumper Cable, Male to Female 40 PCS. A very Flexible and easily detachable cable to the no. of wires according to your requirement. It has 1 Pin male to the 1 pin female header with both ends. Also, it is compatible with 2.54 mm mil spacing pin headers.

Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing them to be used to connect two points to each other without soldering. Jumper wires are typically used with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a circuit as needed. Fairly simple. In fact, it doesn’t get much more basic than jumper wires.

Jumper wires typically come in three versions: male-to-male, male-to-female and female-to-female. The difference between each is in the endpoint of the wire. Male ends have a pin protruding and can plug into things, while female ends do not and are used to plug things into. Male-to-male jumper wires are the most common and what you likely will use most often. When connecting two ports on a breadboard, a male-to-male wire is what you’ll need.

Dupont cable is also called Jumper Wire cables. They are low-cost and used to connect hardware such as sensors, Arduino boards, and breadboards together. Dupont cable includes Male to Male, Male to Female, Female to Female cable.

This cable is an electrical wire or group of them in a cable with a connector or pins at each end, which is normally for interconnecting the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering.

Vayuyaan believes in satisfied customers, so whatever the product is, we first import them then test them for their supplier-defined and standard capabilities. Only after doing all the possible quality checks, we make the product available to our customers.

Individual Dupont Cables are fitted by inserting their “end connectors” into the slots provided in a breadboard, the header connector of a circuit board, or a piece of test equipment.

Mostly it is useful with Orange Pi, Banana Pi, Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and other mini pc and development boards. It is very useful in the PCB project, pc motherboard, as well as Breadboard connections. Additionally, it allows you to plug and unplug easily for prototyping and can be used over and over again.

Features :

1. Compatible with 2.54mm spacing pin headers
2. 40 pcs chromatic color jump wire
3. High quality and in good working condition
4. Durable and reusable
5. Easy to install and use
6. A popular choice for construction or repair
7. Be used for the electronic project and Genuine Arduino product
8. Flexible Breadboard Jumper Cable Wire allows you to plug and unplug easily for prototyping.

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